What is the ecological role of freshwater macroinvertebrates?

Freshwater macroinvertebrates play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems, and their function as indicators of water quality and contributors to nutrient cycling is especially significant. These organisms, which include insect larvae, crustaceans, and worms, are sensitive to changes in their environment. Their presence and diversity can reflect the health of freshwater habitats; for example, certain species may thrive in clean water, while others may indicate pollution or degradation.

In addition to their role as indicators, macroinvertebrates are vital to nutrient cycling. They break down organic matter, such as fallen leaves and dead organisms, facilitating decomposition and releasing nutrients back into the water. This process supports the growth of aquatic plants and contributes to the overall functioning of the ecosystem.

While the other options highlight important functions of macroinvertebrates, the primary ecological roles of indicating water quality and recycling nutrients emphasize their importance in maintaining the health and stability of freshwater ecosystems.