What does the term “invasive species” mean in a freshwater context?

The term “invasive species” in a freshwater context refers specifically to non-native species that disrupt local ecosystems. These species typically have been introduced to new environments, either accidentally or intentionally, and can outcompete, prey upon, or bring diseases to native species, thus altering the balance of the local ecosystem.

In freshwater environments, the introduction of invasive species can lead to detrimental changes, such as reducing biodiversity, impacting water quality, and altering habitat structures. For example, species like the zebra mussel, originally from Eurasia, have caused significant ecological and economic impacts in various North American freshwater systems. They reproduce rapidly and can create dense colonies that outcompete native mollusks and other organisms for resources.

This distinction is crucial, as native species play essential roles in their ecosystems, supporting biodiversity and ecological balance, while invasive species often disrupt these functions. Thus, the understanding of invasive species is vital for conservation efforts and management of freshwater resources.