What are diatoms and why are they important in freshwater ecosystems?

Diatoms are a crucial group of algae characterized by their unique silica cell walls, which create intricate and beautiful shapes. They play a fundamental role in freshwater ecosystems as primary producers, meaning they convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis, forming the base of the aquatic food web. This ability allows them to produce organic matter, which supports a diversity of aquatic life, including various herbivores and higher trophic levels such as fish and larger predators.

In addition to their role as primary producers, diatoms contribute to oxygen production and help with nutrient cycling in freshwater habitats. Their presence can be an indicator of water quality, as certain species thrive in specific conditions. Hence, diatoms are not only vital for energy flow within ecosystems but also serve as bioindicators for assessing environmental health.