How do wetlands contribute to freshwater biodiversity?

Wetlands play a crucial role in supporting freshwater biodiversity primarily by providing habitats for a wide variety of plant and animal species. They are characterized by their unique hydric soils, vegetation adapted to saturated conditions, and the presence of standing water or waterlogged soil. This combination creates a rich ecosystem that supports both aquatic and terrestrial species.

In addition to providing habitats, wetlands have the important function of filtering pollutants from water. They act as natural water purification systems, trapping sediments, excess nutrients, and harmful contaminants. This filtration process helps improve the quality of water entering rivers, lakes, and ultimately, ocean systems, thereby supporting the overall health of freshwater ecosystems.

While wetlands do serve as migration routes for birds, this is just one aspect of their multifaceted role in biodiversity. Their contribution extends far beyond that singular purpose. Wetlands also face threats from agricultural use and development, which can undermine their ecological functions and the diverse life they support. Thus, recognizing wetlands primarily as habitat and natural purifiers firmly establishes why they are integral to maintaining freshwater biodiversity.